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In recent years, the foreign trade sector has shown signs of recovery, but at the same time, the phenomenon of large differentiation has gradually emerged. This phenomenon has had a profound impact on the air transport and cargo industry. As an important link in the foreign trade chain, the development trend of air transport and cargo is closely related to the overall situation of foreign trade. In the past, air transport has become the preferred mode of transporting high-value and urgent goods due to its high efficiency and speed. However, with the changes in the foreign trade pattern, air transport and cargo are also facing a series of new challenges and opportunities.

First, the great differentiation behind the recovery of foreign trade has changed the market demand structure of air cargo transportation. On the one hand, the foreign trade demand of some high-end manufacturing and high-tech industries continues to grow, which puts higher requirements on the timeliness and safety of air transport cargo. The products of these industries are often characterized by high added value, small batches, and multiple batches, and need to be delivered to the global market quickly to maintain competitiveness. On the other hand, the foreign trade share of traditional manufacturing and labor-intensive industries may be squeezed, resulting in a relative decrease in their demand for air transport cargo. This change in demand structure requires air transport cargo companies to more accurately position the market, optimize route layout and service products to meet the needs of different customers.

Secondly, trade policy adjustments under the background of great differentiation have also had a direct impact on air cargo transportation. In order to protect their own industries and promote economic recovery, countries have introduced a series of trade policies. For example, tariff adjustments, increased trade barriers, and import and export restrictions have made the foreign trade environment more complex and changeable. These policy changes have not only increased the operating costs and risks of air transport cargo, but also posed challenges to the customs clearance efficiency and transportation timeliness of goods. Air transport cargo companies need to pay close attention to the dynamics of trade policies and strengthen communication and coordination with government departments and relevant agencies to reduce the impact of policy risks on their business.

Furthermore, the application of technological innovation in the field of air transport and cargo transportation also shows different development trends due to the great differentiation of foreign trade. For example, the application of digital technology has played an important role in improving the efficiency and transparency of air transport cargo. Through technologies such as big data analysis, the Internet of Things and blockchain, air transport cargo companies are able to achieve real-time tracking of goods, optimize transportation routes and improve inventory management. However, in the context of large differentiation, the gap in technology application between companies of different sizes and types may widen further. Large air transport cargo companies often have stronger financial and technical strength, and can promote digital transformation more quickly and improve operational efficiency and service quality. However, small companies may face greater difficulties in technological innovation due to limited resources, which puts them at a disadvantage in market competition.

In addition, environmental pressure has also become an important issue that the air transport and cargo industry needs to face under the current circumstances. As the world pays more and more attention to environmental protection, the carbon emissions of the aviation industry have received more and more attention. Against the backdrop of a sharp rebound in foreign trade, consumers' demand for a green supply chain has gradually increased, requiring air transport and cargo companies to adopt more environmentally friendly operations and reduce carbon emissions. For example, measures such as optimizing route planning, adopting more energy-efficient aircraft models, and promoting sustainable aviation fuels. At the same time, increasingly stringent environmental regulations have also put forward new requirements for the development of air transport and cargo companies. Companies need to increase their investment in environmental protection to adapt to future market development trends.

Faced with the great differentiation phenomenon behind the recovery of foreign trade, the air transport and cargo industry is not without countermeasures. Enterprises can achieve resource sharing and complementary advantages by strengthening cooperation. For example, air transport and cargo enterprises can establish strategic partnerships with logistics enterprises, e-commerce platforms, etc. to jointly build an efficient supply chain system. In addition, enterprises should increase investment in talent training and technological research and development to improve their core competitiveness. By cultivating professionals with international vision and innovation capabilities, and continuously promoting technological innovation, air transport and cargo enterprises can better respond to market changes and challenges and achieve sustainable development.

In short, the great differentiation phenomenon behind the recovery of foreign trade has sounded the alarm for the air transport and cargo industry. Enterprises in the industry need to be aware of the changes in the market situation, take active measures to seize opportunities, meet challenges, and achieve their own transformation and upgrading and sustainable development. At the same time, the government and relevant departments should also strengthen policy guidance and support to create a good development environment for the air transport and cargo industry, and jointly promote the healthy development of foreign trade and air transport and cargo industries.