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The transportation system covers a variety of modes, including land transportation, sea transportation and air transportation. Among them, sea transportation has always occupied an important position in international trade. The replenishment and material deployment of the Russian naval ships during this visit rely on a mature sea transportation system. However, sea transportation also has certain limitations, such as relatively slow transportation speed and being greatly affected by weather and sea conditions.

In contrast, air transport plays a key role in the modern transportation system with its high efficiency and speed. Air transport can deliver goods and personnel to their destinations in a short time, greatly shortening the time and space distance. This has irreplaceable advantages for goods with extremely high timeliness requirements, such as fresh products and medical supplies.

In the context of globalization, the supply chain of enterprises is increasingly dependent on the coordinated operation of multiple modes of transportation. Take electronic products as an example. Their components may come from all over the world and are transported to production bases by ocean, while finished products may be quickly put on the market by air transportation to meet consumer demand. This multimodal transport model not only fully utilizes the advantages of various modes of transportation, but also improves transportation efficiency and reduces costs.

The development of air transport has also promoted the prosperity of related industries. The construction of air cargo airports, the manufacture and maintenance of cargo aircraft, and the rise of logistics companies have injected new impetus into economic growth. At the same time, the efficiency of air transport has also promoted the integrated development of regional economies. For example, some regions have attracted many high-tech companies and R&D centers with their superior air transport conditions, forming an industrial agglomeration effect.

However, air cargo transportation also faces some challenges. High operating costs are one of them. Fluctuations in fuel prices, aircraft purchase and maintenance costs, etc., all make air transportation costs high. In addition, air transportation capacity is limited and may not be able to meet demand when transporting bulk goods. At the same time, the carbon emission problem of air transportation has also received increasing attention, and how to achieve sustainable development has become an important issue facing the industry.

In order to meet these challenges, the aviation transportation industry continues to innovate and improve. The application of new technologies, such as more efficient engine design and the use of lightweight materials, can help reduce fuel consumption and operating costs. At the same time, optimizing route planning and flight scheduling and improving aircraft utilization can also alleviate the problem of tight capacity to a certain extent. In terms of sustainable development, airlines have increased their investment in the research and development of new energy aircraft and explored the use of alternative energy such as biofuels to reduce carbon emissions.

Looking ahead, with the continuous advancement of science and technology and changes in market demand, air transport and cargo transportation will continue to play an important role. Intelligent and digital technologies will further improve the efficiency and service quality of air transportation. At the same time, the integration with other modes of transportation will be closer, jointly building a more efficient and green comprehensive transportation system.

Back to the Russian Navy ship's visit to Cuba, although it mainly involves ocean transportation, it reminds us that in the era of globalization, the development of any country or region cannot be separated from a sound transportation system. Whether it is military operations, economic trade or cultural exchanges, efficient transportation is a key factor to ensure its smooth progress. As an important part of it, air transport cargo will continue to innovate and improve in the future development and make greater contributions to the progress of human society.