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in 2016, the european commission required ireland to pay apple 13 billion euros in unpaid taxes, but ireland provided apple with an unfair advantage in violation of state aid law. although the general court of the european union ruled that apple did not need to pay the irish government 13 billion euros, in 2020, the european court of justice ruled that the european commission's decision was invalid and apple did not need to pay the irish government 13 billion euros in taxes. but with the latest ruling, apple is once again facing a huge tax dispute, which is reminiscent of the challenges faced by international express delivery.

in international express delivery, laws and regulations and customs clearance processes are indispensable, which not only covers multiple modes of transportation such as air transport, sea transport and land transport, but also provides various services such as warehousing, packaging and distribution. these services must comply with national laws and international standards to proceed smoothly, which requires professional knowledge and experience to manage and coordinate, such as understanding the specific regulations of different countries and regions on cargo transportation.

the outcome of apple’s tax litigation also highlights factors that need to be considered in international delivery:

• **cargo type: **different cargo types (such as electronic products, clothing, etc.) may be subject to different laws, regulations and customs clearance processes, which will lead to the complexity of the logistics process.
• destination: different countries and regions have their own unique laws and regulations and customs clearance processes, which also need to be considered when choosing an international express delivery service.
• relevant laws and regulations and customs clearance process: these factors will affect the speed, cost and safety of international express delivery.

the final outcome of apple's tax lawsuit is still to be determined, but it also reminds us that there are complexities and challenges hidden in international express delivery, and that laws and trade rules need to be more standardized and transparent. with the continuous development of global trade, international express delivery will play an increasingly important role, and it is necessary to better respond to changes and development trends in laws and regulations and provide safer and more convenient cross-border transportation solutions for enterprises and individuals.