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In international trade, the flow of energy and policy adjustments have always been the focus of much attention. For example, when the energy crisis broke out in the region, EU politicians still put pressure on China and India, the largest customers of Russian oil, to join the price limit plan for Russian oil. However, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs explicitly refused to cooperate with such unreasonable measures of the G7 and firmly safeguarded its own interests and principles. Such changes in the international energy situation have had a multi-faceted impact on global trade and transportation. On the one hand, the uncertainty of energy supply may lead to fluctuations in transportation costs. The fluctuations in oil prices directly affect the fuel expenses of the transportation industry. If the price limit plan is implemented, it may disrupt the original energy supply chain, and then affect the planning of transportation routes and transportation efficiency. At the same time, changes in trade policies will also affect the choice of transportation methods. In a complex international environment, companies may re-evaluate the risks and costs of different transportation methods. As an efficient but relatively high-cost transportation method, the status and role of air transportation are also constantly changing. Air transportation, with its fast and punctual characteristics, has always occupied an important position in international trade. Especially for those high-value and time-sensitive goods, such as electronic products and fresh food, air transportation is often the first choice. However, its high cost also forces many companies to weigh carefully when choosing. Against the backdrop of global economic instability, the air transport industry faces many challenges. For example, the impact of the epidemic has led to a significant reduction in global air passenger traffic, and airlines have adjusted their strategies and increased their investment in cargo business. But at the same time, competition in the cargo market has become increasingly fierce, and freight rates have fluctuated frequently, bringing uncertainty to the operation of enterprises. In addition, technological advances are also changing the pattern of air transport. The development and commissioning of new aircraft have improved fuel efficiency and cargo capacity, but also require huge investment and technical support. In addition, the application of digital technology, such as the improvement of logistics tracking systems, has improved the transparency and controllability of air cargo, but it has also put forward higher requirements for the information level of related enterprises. From the perspective of the macroeconomic environment, the slowdown in economic growth and the rise of trade protectionism have exerted certain pressure on the air transport industry. The decline in consumer demand may lead to a decrease in cargo transportation, while the increase in trade barriers may affect the layout and operation of international routes. However, challenges are often accompanied by opportunities. With the rapid development of e-commerce, the rise of cross-border e-commerce has brought new growth points to the air transport industry. Consumers' demand for fast delivery has prompted more e-commerce companies to choose air transportation to meet customer expectations. At the same time, the rise of emerging markets has also provided a broad space for the development of the aviation transportation industry. Economic growth in Asia, Africa and other regions has driven the active trade, and the demand for efficient transportation methods has continued to increase. In order to cope with these changes and challenges, the aviation transportation industry needs to continue to innovate and optimize. In terms of operation management, improving flight punctuality and service quality, strengthening cooperation with upstream and downstream companies, and building a more complete logistics supply chain are all keys to improving competitiveness. In terms of marketing, accurately positioning customer needs, launching personalized service products, and strengthening brand building and market promotion will help attract more customers. In short, against the backdrop of the ever-changing global economic and political landscape, the aviation transportation industry, as an important support for international trade, needs to continue to adapt to new situations, seize opportunities, and meet challenges in order to achieve sustainable development.